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Joules: Energy Over an Interval

Keep power and duration separate when comparing transferred energy.

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For constant power, energy E = P x t. Use power in watts and time in seconds to get energy in joules (J). A longer interval does not by itself change the power. If two separate intervals occur one after the other, add their energies. Use only the stated model records; no real equipment or waiting is needed.

Worked example

A constant 2 W model transfers 2 x 3 = 6 J in 3 seconds. In 6 seconds it transfers 12 J. Time and energy doubled, but power stayed 2 W. Do not add the 3-second comparison to the 6-second comparison unless they are stated to be separate successive intervals.

Two separate comparisons at constant 2 watts: 3 seconds transfers 6 joules; 6 seconds transfers 12 joules. A labeled energy bar is twice as long for the second comparison.
These are alternative intervals at the same power, not two parts of a single run.
Question 1 At a constant 0.5 W for 8 seconds, how much energy is transferred?
Question 2 The same 0.5 W model runs for 16 seconds instead. What are its power and energy?
Question 3 Compare model A at 1 W for 6 seconds with model B at 2 W for 3 seconds. Which transfers more energy?
Question 4 A model transfers 3 J during one interval and then 5 J during a separate next interval. What is the combined energy?
Question 5 Which extra information is needed to find energy from a stated constant power of 0.4 W?