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Learn the skill
A file is a column labeled a through h. A rank is a row labeled 1 through 8. Name the file first and the rank second. The names stay fixed when you turn the board around.
Worked example
The white pawn in file e and rank 2 is on e2. Its address names the square, not the type of piece. If that pawn moves to e4, its file stays e and its rank changes to 4.
Find the Starting Squares
Use the starting board shown. White pawns are on a2 through h2. White knights start on b1 and g1, the king on e1 and the queen on d1. Black rooks start on a8 and h8. Every file crosses every rank at exactly one square. Say the address before pointing to a piece.