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Math / Calculus / Grade 12 / mccn1

Separate a Limit from a Point Value

Follow nearby outputs from both sides before looking at the filled point.

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Prerequisites

Read coordinates, evaluate a linear rule and distinguish inputs smaller or larger than a target.

Learn the skill

For a two-sided finite limit at x = a, nearby outputs from both sides must approach the same number. The value at a is a separate question. A different value or a missing value at that single input need not change the limit. Use the stated rules, not just a few table rows.

Worked example

A separate function H has H(x) = x - 1 whenever x is not 4, but H(4) = 8. On either side of 4, the nearby rule approaches 3. Thus the limit is 3 while the point value is 8. Setting H(4) to 3 would make H continuous there.

Graph A follows y equals x plus four except at x equals two. An open circle at (2, 6) is on that line. A separate filled point at (2, -1) gives A(2). Both axes are labeled; the drawing uses different horizontal and vertical scales.
Open circle: excluded from the nearby rule. Filled point: the actual value. Read coordinates, not the screen angle.

Three function records

A: For every x other than 2, A(x) = x + 4. At exactly 2, A(2) = -1. The graph shows this rule, an open circle at (2, 6), and the filled point (2, -1). B: For x < 3, B(x) = 2. For x > 3, B(x) = 7. At exactly 3, B(3) = 4. C: Only four readings are known: C(0.9) = 2.9, C(0.99) = 2.99, C(1.01) = 3.01, C(1.1) = 3.1. No rule for other nearby inputs is supplied.

Question 1 As x approaches 2 from both sides, what is the limit of A(x)?
Question 2 What is A(2), the value at exactly the target input?
Question 3 Does B have a two-sided finite limit at x = 3?
Question 4 Keep the rule A(x) = x + 4 for every x other than 2. Which new A(2) would make A continuous at 2?
Question 5 Do C's four table entries alone prove that its limit at 1 is 3?