Plan a Fair Investigation

Separate the changed condition, measurements, and controls.

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Change one condition to investigate its effect. Keep other important conditions alike, measure the result consistently, and repeat trials when practical.

Worked example

To compare two paper towel types, use equal-sized pieces, the same water amount, and the same measuring method. Change only the towel type.

Ramp Investigation

A class asks whether release height affects how far a toy car travels. They use the same car, ramp, and floor. They release the car without pushing it, measure the distance from the ramp end to where the car stops, and repeat each height three times.

1. What condition is deliberately changed? Car color Release height Floor material

2. What result is measured? The number of windows. The car's age. Distance traveled after leaving the ramp

3. Why use the same car? To keep car differences from affecting the comparison. To guarantee every distance is equal. To avoid measuring distance.

4. Why repeat each height? To change all conditions. To see whether results are consistent. To make the answer automatically correct.

5. What should the class do with an unexpected measurement? Delete it because it is different. Replace it with a preferred number. Record it and check the method before drawing conclusions.

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