Removing access can stop later access through that permission, but it does not retrieve a screenshot or independent copy someone already made. Other links, groups or folder permissions may still give access. Check the complete access list with an authorized adult.
Worked example
In a model with one view link and no other access, disabling that link stops it opening the file. A screenshot made earlier is a separate copy and does not disappear.
A Share Timeline
At step 1, a fictional worksheet is visible to Mira through one selected-person view permission. At step 2, Mira keeps a permitted independent screenshot. At step 3, the owner removes that permission. This model has no other access paths. The original file remains with its owner. Nobody has remotely deleted Mira's screenshot.