Electronics Basics: Match Components to Jobs

Recognize what common electronic components do.

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A resistor limits current for a given voltage in a circuit. A switch changes a connection. An LED emits light when operated correctly. A capacitor stores electrical energy in an electric field. These descriptions are not building instructions. Use diagrams and calculations only. Never use wall outlets, short batteries, open powered equipment or handle charged capacitors.

Worked example

A circuit needing a light indicator could use an LED with suitable current limiting. A circuit needing a connection to open or close could use a switch. Different parts have different jobs.

A resistor limits current for a given voltage, a switch changes a connection, an LED emits light when correctly operated, and a capacitor stores energy in an electric field.

Would you believe it?

LEDs make light without heating a wire filament until it glows. Their light comes from a semiconductor, a different method from an incandescent lamp.

Department of Energy: lighting technologies

Question 1 Which part can open or close a connection? A switch A fixed resistor A wire label

Question 2 What does LED stand for? Long energy drawer Low electricity door Light-emitting diode

Question 3 For a fixed voltage, which part can be used to limit current? A printed arrow A resistor A plain wire bypass

Question 4 Which part stores electrical energy in an electric field? A capacitor An ideal wire An open switch label

Question 5 Does turning equipment off prove its capacitor has no stored energy? Yes Only if the screen is dark No

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