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Reading / Media literacy / Grade 12 / reccr

Separate an Association from a Causal Claim - Practice 2

A comparison of self-selected groups can reveal an association without isolating a cause.

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A comparison of self-selected groups can reveal an association without isolating a cause. A responsible sentence reports what was observed and acknowledges that pre-existing differences or other factors may matter.

Worked example

Volunteers using a guide scored higher is an observation. It does not alone prove the guide caused the difference.

Volunteers using a guide scored higher is an observation. It does not alone prove the guide caused the difference.
Reading model: Volunteers using a guide scored higher is an observation. It does not alone prove the guide caused the difference.
Question 1 In a fictional study, volunteers who chose the new story scored higher than those who declined it. There was no random assignment. Which report is justified?
Question 2 In a fictional study, volunteers who chose the new report scored higher than those who declined it. There was no random assignment. Which report is justified?
Question 3 In a fictional study, volunteers who chose the new notice scored higher than those who declined it. There was no random assignment. Which report is justified?
Question 4 In a fictional study, volunteers who chose the new sketch scored higher than those who declined it. There was no random assignment. Which report is justified?
Question 5 In a fictional study, volunteers who chose the new plan scored higher than those who declined it. There was no random assignment. Which report is justified?