Keep a One-Way Rule Pointing the Right Way - Practice 2

A statement if P then Q does not by itself establish if Q then P.

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A statement if P then Q does not by itself establish if Q then P. Test the direction: other conditions might also produce Q. Treat the fictional rules as supplied assumptions, not real policies.

Worked example

If a card is gold, it is valid does not imply every valid card is gold. Other valid colors may exist.

Would you believe it?

Counting entry events and counting distinct visitors can produce different totals without a contradiction.

Question 1 Fictional rule: every white permit is valid. Nothing is said about other colors. Which conclusion follows? No other color can be valid. A white permit is valid. Every valid permit is white.

Question 2 Fictional rule: every black permit is valid. Nothing is said about other colors. Which conclusion follows? A black permit is valid. Every valid permit is black. No other color can be valid.

Question 3 Fictional rule: every violet permit is valid. Nothing is said about other colors. Which conclusion follows? Every valid permit is violet. No other color can be valid. A violet permit is valid.

Question 4 Fictional rule: every orange permit is valid. Nothing is said about other colors. Which conclusion follows? No other color can be valid. A orange permit is valid. Every valid permit is orange.

Question 5 Fictional rule: every yellow permit is valid. Nothing is said about other colors. Which conclusion follows? A yellow permit is valid. Every valid permit is yellow. No other color can be valid.

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