Look at the writer's goal and how details are selected to advance it. Persuasion may use accurate evidence but still leave important questions open. Evaluate a claim without assuming advocacy makes it false.
Worked example
A memo urging repairs may highlight delays and missing parts. Those details support action but do not alone compare every possible repair plan.
Original fiction: An Argument for Evening Access
A fictional workshop memo asks the center to test one evening opening each week. It quotes three members who cannot attend afternoon sessions and points to unused benches after staff training ends. It does not estimate staffing costs or survey all members. The proposed trial would record attendance for a month. The writer presents a possible access problem and a limited way to investigate demand.